The Timing of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Relative to Total Lightning Activity
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Positive and Negative Cloud-to Ground Lightning*
Positive cloud-to ground lightning (+ CGL) occurs in a minor fraction of all thunderstorms [1]. We propose that the microscopic mechanism is the same as in the more common negative CGL, whereas the different polarity is due to the macroscopic cloud dynamics [2]. The origin of collisional charging involves three stages in the basic process [3]. In the first stage kinetic roughening of the surfac...
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The effect of small urban areas on cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity is analysed for Spain. The results shown that the CG-flash number is enhanced within and downwind the most of towns considered and that large population and higher SO2 concentration contribute to the increase of the number of CG-flashes. INTRODUCTION AND DATA Several studies have reported that large cities of the USA are...
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The produced electric and magnetic fields due to lightning strikes to mountainous ground are determined in this paper. For the sake of simplicity a cone-shaped ground with finite conductivity is assumed to represent a natural nonflat ground. By this assumption, we deal with an axillary symmetrical structure so we use the cylindrical 2D-FDTD to save the simulation memory and time, dramatically. ...
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Using the Time Of Group Arrival (TOGA) of sferics two year (Jan2003-Dec2004) annual average of about 3,200 and 1,200 cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes were recorded in the two larger islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, Fiji. A two year average CG flash density showed maxima of 0.80 and 0.35 flashes/km per year in two islands. The diurnal variation showed peak activity between 14:00 hrs16:00 hrs LT an...
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Article history: Received 6 August 2012 Received in revised form 31 January 2013 Accepted 6 February 2013 We report preliminary results of a new observational study of microwave-frequency electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by lightning discharge processes. Radiation was observed with a ceramic patch antenna and a digital radio receiver tuned to a center frequency of 1.63 GHz and a bandwi...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Monthly Weather Review
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0027-0644,1520-0493
DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-11-00047.1